Qjm ; 89 : — Am J Hum Genet ; 59 : — Am J Hum Genet ; 72 : — Arthritis Rheum ; 29 : — Arthritis Rheum ; 31 : — Relationships between histocompatibility antigens, autoantibodies and lymphopenia or renal disease. Arthritis Rheum ; 32 : — J Clin Invest ; 86 : — Annu Rev Genet ; 32 : — Science ; : 67— Nat Med ; 11 : 85— Arthrit Rheum ; 54 : — Immunol Rev ; : — Download references.
We gratefully acknowledge the many patients, families and physicians who have cooperated for the purposes of genetic studies in SLE. Present address: 7Current address: Genentech, Inc.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Timothy W Behrens. Reprints and Permissions. Graham, R. Eur J Hum Genet 15, — Download citation. Received : 04 April Revised : 12 January Accepted : 27 February Published : 04 April Issue Date : August Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
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Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Google Scholar 17 Reveille JD : Predictive value of autoantibodies for activity of systemic lupus erythematosus. Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the many patients, families and physicians who have cooperated for the purposes of genetic studies in SLE.
View author publications. Supplementary information. Supplementary Information DOC 71 kb. Rights and permissions Reprints and Permissions. About this article Cite this article Graham, R. Copy to clipboard. Stein , Fabian Braun , Christian F. Search Search articles by subject, keyword or author. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that unrelated IDC may arise in part from abnormal immune regulation, perhaps in conjunction with an infectious process.
Although the full extent of these associations and the specific pathogenic mechanisms are at present unknown, the evidence thus far is sufficiently compelling to warrant further investigation. Some limitations of this meta-analysis should be acknowledged. Firstly, the controls were not uniformly defined. Although most of the controls were selected mainly from healthy populations, some controls were IDC-free subjects.
Therefore, non-differential misclassification bias might have occurred because these studies may have included control subjects who have different risk rates of developing IDC.
Secondly, heterogeneity is a potential problem when interpreting the results of all meta-analyses. Thirdly, our results were based on unadjusted estimates, while a more precise analysis would be conducted if individual data were available.
However, it is necessary to conduct larger sample studies using standardized and unbiased genotyping methods and well-matched controls to confirm the results Moreover, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions should also be considered in the analysis. This study was supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation in China and National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.
Braz J Med Biol Res. Published online Mar Wen , H. Shi , and J. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer.
Correspondence: H. Shi: moc. Zhu: moc. Received Sep 19; Accepted Jan Copyright notice. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy IDC has been hypothesized as a multifactorial disorder initiated by an environment trigger in individuals with predisposing human leukocyte antigen HLA alleles. Introduction Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy IDC is the third most common cause of heart failure characterized by ventricular dilatation and impaired myocardial contractility 1. Material and Methods Study search strategy Case-control studies were identified from PubMed and Embase database in June using both electronic and manual search strategies.
Data extraction Two reviewers B. Statistical analysis The Cochrane Collaboration meta-analysis methodology was used for this study. Results Study characteristics A total of 19 case-control studies including cases and controls met the inclusion criteria 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Open in a separate window.
Main results Table 2 presents the pooled ORs of this meta-analysis. Figure 1. Figure 2. Sensitivity analysis Sensitivity analysis was performed by re-running the meta-analysis removing a single study each time to reflect the influence of the individual data-set to the pooled ORs, which were not significantly altered, indicating that our results were statistically robust Publication bias Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test results did not suggest any evidence of publication bias.
Discussion The association between a disease susceptibility gene and an HLA subtype may be more apparent than real, especially if multiple loci seem linked to a disease gene Acknowledgments This study was supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation in China and References 1. Dec GW, Fuster V. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
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