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Mobile Newsletter chat subscribe. TV Technology. On television, how does closed captioning work? It can also be helpful in noisy environments. For example, a TV in a noisy airport terminal can display closed captioning and still be usable Some people use captions to learn English or learn to read.
Closed captioning displays the audio portion of a television program as text on the TV screen, providing a critical link to news, entertainment and information for individuals who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. Congress requires video programming distributors VPDs - cable operators, broadcasters, satellite distributors and other multi-channel video programming distributors - to close caption their TV programs.
FCC rules for TV closed captioning ensure that viewers who are deaf and hard of hearing have full access to programming, address captioning quality and provide guidance to video programming distributors and programmers.
The rules apply to all television programming with captions, requiring that captions be:. The rules distinguish between pre-recorded, live, and near-live programming and explain how the standards apply to each type of programming, recognizing the greater hurdles involved with captioning live and near-live programming. Currently there are two categories of exemptions from the closed captioning rules, self-implementing and economically burdensome:.
You may contact your VPD to report the problem at the time that the problem occurs to see if you can get the problem fixed. You can find your VPD's contact information on your bill, or, if you have broadcast only TV, the contact information for the TV station should be in the phone directory.
VPDs must provide the FCC with contact information for the receipt and handling of immediate closed captioning concerns by consumers, and contact information for written closed captioning complaints. I started working at the Department of Education in I was trained and mentored by the late Dr. Mac Norwood, "the father of closed-captioning," to continue his work with captioned television.
Part of my early responsibilities within the Department was for the closed-captioned decoder design, development, manufacture, and distribution. My first captioning project was for captioned children's programming which made it possible for children who are deaf or hard of hearing to enjoy the popular Saturday morning cartoons. Early on, we set up a pilot project to look at technology to convert teleprompter information to captions. This led to a grant for daytime programming and the captioning of the ever popular "soaps" which were airing five days a week.
Captioning syndicated programming faced the problem of programs shown as reruns in a packaged format. These programs, which once had captions, are rebroadcast in syndication and are often shortened to provide additional time for commercials. This makes the original captions unusable. The key is to caption an entire block of programming before the product is distributed to various television markets for rebroadcast in your local area.
The first captioned sports programming came about because I sold Mac Norwood on the idea of immediate access to changes in the lineup for baseball games and for the introduction of sports terminology for deaf kids taking physical education classes. I convinced Mac that kids need to be exposed to words such as "dribble," "putt," or "offside," and captioning provides that exposure. Mac was finally sold on the idea when he had an opportunity to pick up on some golf tips by watching a golf pro on a captioned sports program.
Mac was all smiles when he came to work on Monday because those golf tips helped him beat his golf buddies that weekend. Mac sure did love to play golf. We now caption several different programs originally broadcast in Spanish. We are also funding 13 projects for the captioning of local news and information programs across the country. These local news projects help small captioning companies get started. We made it possible for the very popular PBS children's program Arthur to be more accessible to younger deaf or hard of hearing children by encouraging the grantee and producers to create and include easy reader, or edited, captions.
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