In the high canopy of Southeast Asian jungles, Gibbon calls can be heard over a mile away. This communication across distances will help Gibbons understand where the rest of their family unit is located, or if an intruder has entered their space.
The calls from a Gibbon will change based on the situation. A communication call may sound one pitch and have a certain cadence, while an alert to an intruder or predator will sound completely different.
We may never know for sure, but we like to think that they are singing to each other as a bonding practice. The pair has been here at the Zoo together since and they are particularly bonded. They can regularly be seen practicing other bonding behaviors such as grooming, and the consistency of their duet from day to day leads us to believe they are singing to each other to strengthen their bond, just like Johnny and June!
Conspecific responses to gibbon songs Sometimes, some individuals spend time away from the rest of the group. Table 2. Recipients' responses to predator-induced and duet songs.
Discussion We were interested in gibbon songs because, apart from human speech, these vocalisations provide a remarkable case of acoustic sophistication and versatility in primate communication. Acknowledgments We are grateful to K. Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: KZ. References 1. In: Brown K, editor. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics.
Oxford: Elsevier. Antipredator communication in a forest guenon. In: Sommer V, Ross C, editors. The monkeys and apes of Gashaka: Primate socio-ecology and conservation in Nigeria's biodiversity hotspot. Grice HP Utterers' meaning and intentions. Philosophical Review — View Article Google Scholar 4. Animal Behaviour — View Article Google Scholar 5.
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Primates in perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Reichard UH Social monogamy in white-handed gibbons: the male perspective. Monogamy: Mating strategies and partnerships in birds, humans and other mammals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sommer V, Reichard U Rethinking monogamy: the gibbon case. In: Kappeler PM, editor. Primate males: causes and consequences of variation in group composition.
Hormones and Behavior. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Chicago: UCP. Wildlife Conservation Society Status, ecology and conservation of tigers in their critical habitats in Thailand Wildlife Conservation Society.
Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Their shoulder joints are even specially adapted to allow greater range of motion when swinging. Their dramatic form of locomotion, called brachiating, can move gibbons through the jungle at up to 35 miles an hour, bridging gaps as wide as 50 feet with a single swinging leap. Brachiating also gives gibbons the unique advantage of being able to swing out and grab fruits growing at the end of branches, which limits competition for their favorite foods.
When gibbons walk, whether along branches or in the rare instances when they descend to the ground, they often do so on two feet, throwing their arms above their head for balance. They are the most bipedal of all non-human primates and are often studied for clues to what evolutionary pressures may have led to human walking. There are over a dozen recognized species of gibbons ranging from northeastern India to southern China to Borneo. They are all tailless, and their long coats vary from cream to brown to black.
Many have white markings on their faces, hands, and feet. The largest species are known as siamangs, and can grow to 29 pounds. Smaller species reach only about nine pounds. Gibbons thrive on the abundant fruit trees in their tropical range, and are especially fond of figs.
They will occasionally supplement their diet with leaves and insects. Gibbons are monogamous a rare trait among primates and live in family groups consisting of an adult pair and their young offspring. The family will stake out a territory and defend it using loud, haunting calls that can echo for miles throughout the forest.
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